Power batteries for new energy vehicles mainly include lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium batteries, and hydrogen fuel cells. Lithium batteries have significant advantages in energy density, lifespan and environmental performance and are the first choice for power batteries.
Lead-acid battery
Pure electric vehicles first used lead-acid batteries. Lead, and its oxides were used as electrode materials, and sulfuric acid solution was used as the electrolyte. This is the power source of most battery vehicles today. Low cost is its most significant advantage. But it has two major shortcomings: the specific energy is low, the mass and volume are too large, and the mileage on a single charge is short; the other is that the service life is short, and the cost of use needs to be lowered.
Ni-MH battery
Nickel-metal hydride batteries are a new type of green battery developed in the 1990s. It has the characteristics of high energy, long life and no pollution. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are significantly improved compared with lead-acid batteries. The electrolyte is non-flammable, safety is guaranteed, and the manufacturing process matures. However, the charging efficiency of nickel-metal hydride batteries is average and high-voltage fast charging cannot be used. Therefore, nickel-metal hydride batteries tend to be replaced entirely in automobiles after the widespread use of lithium batteries.
Lithium battery
Lithium batteries are the mainstream choice for new energy vehicles at this stage. Lithium compounds (lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, etc.) are used as electrode materials, and graphite is used as anode materials. Its advantages are light weight, ample energy storage, no pollution, and no memory. Effective and long service life.
Under the same volume and weight, the power storage capacity of lithium batteries is 1.6 times that of nickel-metal hydride batteries, and humans have only developed and utilized 20% to 30% of their theoretical power. The development prospects are very bright. However, regardless of type, all lithium battery packs will face the “natural enemy” of low temperature.
The lithium-ion battery has become an essential power source for various electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. The efficiency and performance of lithium batteries depend on the quality of the materials used in their construction. One crucial step in the production of lithium battery materials is the milling process, which involves reducing the size of the particles to enhance their electrochemical properties. The Lithium Battery Material Jet Mill is a cutting-edge technology that offers precise and efficient milling of lithium battery materials.
Hydrogen fuel cell
Hydrogen is an ideal clean energy source. No pollution, no noise, and high efficiency characterize it. As for hydrogen, combustion can release much energy and has excellent low-temperature performance. The most important thing is that the hydrogenation efficiency is high. It only takes 5 minutes for hydrogenation to drive more than 100 kilometers. And there is still room for improvement in this data. All of the above are far superior to existing lithium batteries.
However, a hydrogen fuel cell car weighs many kilograms more than a similar internal combustion engine and is more than five times more expensive. Regarding the investment in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, car companies in Japan and South Korea have already begun research and have now invested in the markets of their respective countries on a small scale.